Fasting

Fasting has a place in the Anglican Use, but the fact is that despite Anglican admiration for Eastern Christian liturgy, it has never, on a wide scale, adopted fasting as a regular practice. The Book of Divine Worship includes this in the exhortation before the Litany of Penitence on Ash Wednesday:

I invite you, therefore, in the name of the Church, to the observance of a holy Lent, by self-examination and repentance; by prayer, fasting, and self-denial; and by reading and meditating on God’s holy Word.

Except in that exhortation, fasting is nowhere else mentioned in the BDW. The BDW does have collects for Ember Days, but the purpose of those days is highlighted as "for the Ministry", which was certainly an aspect of the Embertides, but not the whole of their meaning.

It was noted as early as the first years of the 17th century by Bishop Lancelot Andrewes that many had forsaken fasting as being too likely to make men hypocritical (or just too darn like Papists). He fairly eviscerates that idea in one of his sermons for Lent delivered before King James.

Now, the new calendar for the Ordinariates restores the Ember Days, the four three-day periods at the four seasons that are set aside for fasting and prayer. All of us who follow the Anglican Use should make use of these days as times for greater devotion.

Here are some thoughts on fasting and its importance in the Christian life. Recall that Jesus said, in the sermon on the Mount,

And when you fast, do not look dismal, like the hypocrites, for they disfigure their faces that their fasting may be seen by men. Truly, I say to you, they have received their reward.But when you fast, anoint your head and wash your face,that your fasting may not be seen by men but by your Father who is in secret; and your Father who sees in secret will reward you. (Matthew 6:16-18)

Jesus says "when you fast", not "if you fast."

The point of Lenten fasting is not to detox the body
by Fr. Michael Shields

In Russia I have found that one of the greatest strengths, joys, freedoms, helps and revelations in my spiritual life comes through the gift of fasting and prayer. The Scriptures tell about the great benefits from these practices: spiritual protection, deeper faith, healed relationships, overcoming injustice, repentance, growth in virtue, willingness to service others and humility. The purpose of the Christian fast is not to lose weight or detox the body as advertised in the contemporary rebirth of fasting. Rather, fasting is a way to deal with the evil in us, others and our world. It draws us deeper into real intimacy with God.

All spiritual disciplines — prayer, almsgiving and fasting — are for one purpose: to communicate our total dependency on God in every area of life. We pray not to change God but us. We give our money away to affirm that God is our true treasure. We fast, freely and generously, to affirm that our true appetite is for God and him alone. All other appetites — sexual, eating, drinking — point to our heart’s desire for God. How did I discover this? Life here in Russia taught me that I needed greater faith and deeper prayer to combat the injustices and evil around me. In desperation and in weakness I had no other choice than to rely on God. As I came to understand that prayer and fasting are not seasonal exercises but ways of life that empower, I began a new depth in my life with Christ. My first fast was from deep dismay. One young man from the parish in the 1990s was sent to eight years of prison for a crime he committed. I knew Russian prisons were hellholes. To just live through eight years would be a miracle for him. But I feared more for his person. Would he come out hardened, broken and destroyed? What could I do? I resolved to pray and fast for him for the eight years of his imprisonment. I gave up any meat in my diet. I knew he would get little so I bound myself to him and prayed he would be a human being upon his release. He made it through his sentence and is now a father of two, a lovely husband and a hard worker. Prayer and fasting do work to fight injustice and heal hearts...

Read the whole post at the web site of the Catholic Anchor.

Advent Embertide

Today is the first Ember Day of Advent. Of ancient observance, these were retained in the Anglican Church, although the ceremonies were reformed, so that the services conformed to the general pattern for Mass and the Daily Office observed throughout the year; formerly there were additional lessons read at Mass, particularly on the Saturday Ember Day.

The Ember Days (and Rogation Days) were dropped from the Roman Calendar as reformed in 1969. Now in the Ordinariate Calendar they are restored to a contemporary use. These Ember Days are especially set apart for prayer and fasting for those about to be ordained, and for the ministry in the Church in general. This would be a good day to especially concentrate our prayers for the sake of those entering into formation in the Ordinariate for subsequent ordination.

The Ember Days are described below (text is from the web site of the now closed Holy Trinity (German) Church in Boston).

The "Four Times," or Ember Days

What Are They?

The Ember Days are four series of Wednesdays, Fridays, and Saturdays which correspond to the natural seasons of the year. Autumn brings the September, or Michaelmas, Embertide; winter, the Advent Embertide; Spring, the Lenten Embertide; and in summer, the Whit Embertide (named after Whitsunday, the Feast of Pentecost).
The English title for these days, "Ember," is derived from their Latin name: Quatuor Temporum, meaning the "Four Times" or "Four Seasons."
The Embertides are periods of prayer and fasting, with each day having its own special Mass.


What Is Their Significance?

The Ember Days Are...

Universally Christian,

The Old Law prescribes a "fast of the fourth month, and a fast of the fifth, and a fast of the seventh, and a fast of tenth" (Zechariah 8:19). There was also a Jewish custom at the time of Jesus to fast every Tuesday and Thursday of the week.
The first Christians amended both of these customs, fasting instead on every Wednesday and Friday: Wednesday because it is the day that Christ was betrayed, and Friday because it is the day that He was slain. (And we now know that this biweekly fast is actually older than some books of the New Testament). Later, Christians from both East and West added their own commemorations of the seasons.
The Ember Days thus perfectly express and reflect the essence of Christianity. Christianity does not abolish the Law but fulfills it (Mt. 5:17) by following the spirit of the Law rather than its letter. Thus, not one iota of the Law is to be neglected (Mt. 5:18), but every part is to be embraced and continued, albeit on a spiritual, or figurative, level. And living in this spirit is nothing less than living out the New Covenant.

Uniquely Roman,

The Apostles preached one and the same faith wherever they went, but sometimes instituted different customs and practices. Thus, Christians came to love not only the universal faith but the particular apostolic traditions which had initiated them into that faith.
The Roman appropriation of the Ember Days involved adding one day: Saturday. This was seen as the culmination of the Ember Week. A special Mass and procession to St. Peter’s in Rome was held, and the congregation was invited to "keep vigil with Peter."
Observing the Ember Days, therefore, not only celebrates our continuity with sacred history, but with our own ecclesiastical tradition.

Usefully Natural,

But continuity is not important because of a blind loyalty to one’s own or a feeling of nostalgia. On the contrary, the Christian fulfillment of the Law is important because of its pedagogical value. Everything in the Law (not to mention the rest of the Bible) is meant to teach us something fundamental about God, His redemptive plan for us, or the nature of the universe, often on levels that are not initially apparent to us. In the case of both the Hebrew seasonal fasts and the Christian Ember Days, we are invited to consider the wonder of the natural seasons and their relation to God. The seasons, for example, can be said to intimate individually the bliss of Heaven, where there is "the beauty of spring, the brightness of summer, the plenty of autumn, the rest of winter" (St. Thomas Aquinas).
Second, because the liturgical seasons of the Church are meant to initiate us annually into the mysteries of our redemption, they should also include some commemoration of nature for the simple reason that nature is the very thing which grace perfects.

Communally Clerical,

Another Roman variation of Embertides, instituted by Pope Gelasius I in 494, is to use Ember Saturdays as the day to confer Holy Orders.* Apostolic tradition prescribed that ordinations be preceded by fast and prayer (see Acts 13:3), and so it seemed quite reasonable to place ordinations at the end of this fast period. Moreover, this allows the entire community to join the men in fasting and praying for God’s blessing upon their calling and to share their joy in being called.

And Personally Prayerful

In addition to commemorating the seasons of nature, each of the four Embertides takes on the character of the liturgical season in which it is located. In fact, the Ember Days add to our living out the times of the Church’s calendar. For example, Ember Wednesday of Advent (a.k.a the "Golden Mass"), commemorates the Annunciation while the Ember Friday two days later commemorates the Visitation, the only time in Advent when this is explicitly done.
Embertides thus afford us the opportunity to ruminate on a number of important things: the wondrous cycle of nature and the more wondrous story of our redemption, the splendid differentiation of God’s ordained servants -- and lastly, the condition of our own souls. Traditionally, these were times of spiritual exercises and personal self-examination, the ancient equivalent of our modern retreats and missions. Little wonder, then, that a host of customs and folklore grew up around them affirming the special character of these days.

More information on the Ember Days, and their observance in the Catholic Church can be found at The New Liturgical Movement.